COMSATS
UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD
MICROPROCESSOR SYSTEMS AND INTERFACING
LAB REPORT 2
SUBMITTED TO:
SIR KHIYAM
IFTIKHAR
SUBMITTED BY:
JUNAID AHMAD
Ibrar ahmad
Jarrar malik
REGISTRATION NO:
CIIT/FA19-BEE-089/ISB
CIIT/fa19-bee-083/isb
CIIT/fa19-bee-087/isb
DATE:
01-10-2021
Introduction to AVR Microcontroller Hardware Circuitry and Digital I/O Ports
Objectives:
•
Understand the
minimal circuit required to start using a microcontroller
•
Learn to program
(download code to program memory of) a microcontroller using Arduino board.
•
To understand and
use digital I/O ports of AVR microcontroller
Required
Tools:
Software
Tools:
•
Microchip Studio
(Version 7) or AVR Studio (Version 4)
•
Proteus ISIS
•
Arduino IDE
•
AVRDUDESS
PRE-LAB:
Task
1:
Enlist 5
peripherals (Devices) that can be interfaced with Atmega328P Microcontroller.
1.
LCD
display
2.
Keypad
3.
Control
motor
4.
It
can be used to control for IOT things
5.
Analog
input to digital output
In Lab:
Task 1:
Write and test following program in
AVR Studio/Atmel Studio. Also, simulate it on Proteus.
|
/*This code will configure Port B for output and then toggle Port B pin 3 with a delay of 1000ms*/ #include
<avr/io.h> /*This header
file includes the apropriate I/O definitions
for the device */ #define F_CPU
16000000UL //XTAL Frequency =16MHz #include <util/delay.h> /*This header file is required for generating
delays*/ int main() { //
Write your code here DDRB =
0b11111111; //Configure Port B as
Output while(1) //This loop will run forever { PORTB =
0b00001000; /*Send 1 on Port B Pin
3, rest of the pins are
zero*/ _delay_ms(1000); //Delay of 1000ms PORTB = 0b00000000; //Send 0 on Port B Pin 3 _delay_ms(1000); //Delay of 1000ms } } |
Hex file to ATMega328P:
Burning .Hex
file to ATMega328P:
Task 2:
Switches are connected to one port of ATmega328p for input
and LEDs are connected to another port for output. Using these, perform a task
assigned by your lab instructor. Students should write the code for given task,
simulate it on proteus and then implement it on hardware.
/*
* LAB2 TASK2.c
*
* Created: 12/12/2021 3:25:38 PM
* Author : AEGON
*/
#ifndef F_CPU
#define F_CPU 16000000UL // telling controller crystal
frequency (16 MHz AVR ATMega328P)
#endif
#include <avr/io.h> //header to enable data flow
control over pins. Defines pins, ports, etc.
#include <util/delay.h> //header to enable delay
function in program
#define BUTTON1 1 // button switch connected to
port B pin 1
#define LED1 0 // Led1 connected to port B
pin 0
#define LED2 1 // Led2 connected to port C
pin 1
#define LED3 2 // Led3 connected to port D
pin 2
#define DEBOUNCE_TIME 25 // time to wait while
"de-bouncing" button
#define LOCK_INPUT_TIME 300 // time to wait after a
button press
void init_ports_mcu()
{
DDRB=0xFF; // Set all pins of the PORTB as output.
DDRB &= ~(1<<BUTTON1);//Makes first pin of PORTB as
Input
PORTB = 0xFF; // Set all pins of the PORTB as HIGH. Led is turn on, also
the internal Pull Up resistor of first pin PORTB is enable.
DDRC=0xFF; // Set all pins of the PORTC as output.
PORTC=0x00; // Set all pins of PORTC low
which turns it off.
DDRD=0xFF; // Set all pins of the PORTD as output.
PORTD=0x00; // Set all pins of PORTD low
which turns it off.
}
unsigned char button_state()
{
/* the button is pressed when
BUTTON1 bit is clear */
if (!(PINB & (1<<BUTTON1)))
{
_delay_ms(DEBOUNCE_TIME);
if (!(PINB & (1<<BUTTON1))) return 1;
}
return 0;
}
int main (void)
{
unsigned char n_led = 1; // LED number is on now
init_ports_mcu();
while (1)
{
if (button_state()) // If the button is pressed,
toggle the LED's state and delay for 300ms (#define LOCK_INPUT_TIME)
{
switch(n_led){
case 1:
PORTB ^= (1<<LED1); // toggling the current state
of the pin LED1. LED1 is turn off.
PORTC ^= (1<<LED2); // toggling the current state
of the pin LED2. LED2 is turn on.
break;
case 2:
PORTC ^= (1<<LED2); // toggling the current state
of the pin LED2. LED2 is turn off.
PORTD ^= (1<<LED3); // toggling the current state
of the pin LED3. LED3 is turn on.
break;
case 3:
PORTD ^= (1<<LED3); // toggling the current state
of the pin LED3. LED3 is turn off.
PORTB ^= (1<<LED1); // toggling the current state
of the pin LED1. LED1 is turn on.
n_led=0; // reset LED number
break;
}
n_led++; // next LED is turn on
_delay_ms(LOCK_INPUT_TIME);
}
}
return (0);
}
CRITICAL ANALYSIS:
In this lab we got to know about AVR Microcontroller. we also
understood ARDUINO UNO characteristics of Reset Switch Button, TX, Rx, USB
Port, and its pinout configuration. Moreover, ATMega328P has 23 I/O pins to
interact with outside world in the form of logic values. Each of the I/O port
is associated with three I/O registers i.e. DDRx, PORTx, PINx where x is the
port B,C or D. AVRDUDESS was used to upload the hex file generated by software
programming in AVR microcontroller. Firstly, we built the program given in the
lab manual on AVR Studio and simulated it on proteus to check the functioning
of LED according to the given code. The LED started blinking with a certain
delay of 1msec given in the code The settings (baud rate, COM port etc) were
modified in the device manager window. After clicking the program button, the
program got burned into ATMega328p memory and we could see the LED blinking
with a certain time delay.
SORUCE FILE :-https://github.com/hiibrarahmad/Lab-02-Introduction-to-AVR-Microcontroller-Hardware-Circuitry-and-Digital-I-O-Ports
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