MICROPROCESSOR AND INTERFACING
LAB REPORT#11
SUBMITTED TO: SIR Khiyam Iftikhar
SUBMITTEED BY: Ibrar Ahmed FA19-BEE-083
Jarrar
Malik FA19-BEE-087
Junaid Ahmed FA19-BEE-089
CLASS: BEE-5B.
Lab # 11 Serial Communication
with UART and Interfacing Bluetooth HC-05
EXPLANATION OF SERIAL
COMMUNICATION:
Microcontrollers
must often exchange data with other microcontrollers or devices. Data may be
exchanged by using parallel or serial communication links. With parallel
techniques, an entire byte of data is typically sent simultaneously from the
transmitting device to the receiver device. Although this is efficient from a
time point of view, it requires eight separate lines for the data transfer. In
serial transmission, a byte of data is sent a single bit at a time. Once 8 bits
have been received at the receiver, the data byte is reconstructed. Although
this is inefficient from a time point of view, it only requires a line (or two)
to transmit the data. The
Universal Synchronous and Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (USART) provides
full duplex (two-way) communication between the MCU and another device
In Lab:
Task
1:
You will
configure (i.e. set baud rate, frame format, parity settings etc ) UART present
in Atmega328P for Asynchronous Serial Communication.
CODE :
/*
* lab_11_task_01.c
*
* Created: 03-Dec-21 9:29:00 AM
* Author : AC
*/
#include
<avr/io.h> // Most
basic include files
#include
<avr/interrupt.h> // Add the
necessary ones
#include
<util/delay.h>
#include
<string.h>
#define
F_CPU 16000000UL // a System clock of 16 MHz
// *****
Definistion for USART *********
#define BAUD
9600.00 // Baud Rate
Declared as a
#define
UBRR_VAL (F_CPU/(8*BAUD))-1 //
Corresponding UBRR Value
//
*********************
void
USART_Init(unsigned int ubrr); // function to Initialize the USART
void
USART_Transmit(unsigned char data); // Transmit Data via USART
unsigned
char USART_Receive(void); //
Receive Data via USART
void
USART_send_str(char * string1); // Transmit a string
void
USART_read_str(char * ); //
Read the USART buffer
//
*********************
unsigned int
data_available = 0; // A flag to
indicate that data is available in the receive buffer
// Main
program
int
main(void)
{
USART_Init((unsigned int)UBRR_VAL);
unsigned char data;
USART_send_str("hhh");
while(1)
{ // Infinite loop; define here the
data = USART_Receive();
_delay_ms(20); // a 20 ms Delay between receiving and
sending data
USART_Transmit(data);
}
}
void
USART_Init(unsigned int ubrr)
{
/* Set baud rate */
UBRR0H = (unsigned
char)(ubrr>>8);
UBRR0L = (unsigned char)ubrr;
/Complete this code/
/set double speed operation to
reduce Baudrate Error/
UCSR0A|=(1<<U2X0); /* Enable receiver
and transmitter */
UCSR0B|=
(1<<RXEN0)|(1<<TXEN0); /*
Set frame format: 8data, 1stop bit, odd parity */
UCSR0C|= (1<<UPM01)|(1<<UPM00)|(1<<UCSZ00)|(1<<UCSZ01);
}
void
USART_Transmit(unsigned char data)
{
/* Wait for empty transmit buffer */
while((UCSR0A&(1<<UDRE0))==0);
UDR0 = data;
/* Put data into buffer, sends the
data */
}
unsigned
char USART_Receive(void)
{
/* Wait for data to be received */
while((UCSR0A&(1<<RXC0))==0);
/* Get and return received data from
buffer */
return UDR0;
}
void
USART_send_str(char * str) // Transmit a string
{
while (*str)
{
USART_Transmit(*str);
str++;;
}
}
void
USART_read_str(char * str) // Read a
string from UART
{
char ch;
char i;
do
{
ch = USART_Receive();
str[i] = ch;
}
while(ch != '\0');
}
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND SIMULATIONS:
Task 2:
Interfacing HC-05 Bluetooth device and
Communicating with an Android Device
CODE:
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
SoftwareSerial mySerial(10, 11);
// (Rx,TX)
void setup()
{ Serial.begin(9600); // the
Arduino Baud rate
delay(1000);
mySerial.begin(9600);
delay(1000);
Serial.println("Hello world");
}
void loop()
{
if(Serial.available())
mySerial.print ((char)
Serial.read());
if(mySerial.available())
Serial.print((char) mySerial.read())
;
}
OUTPUT ON SERIAL MONITOR:
CRITICAL ANALYSIS:
In this lab
experiment I got to know about serial communication in UART, In serial
transmission, a byte of data is sent a single bit at a time. Once 8 bits have
been received at the receiver, the data byte is reconstructed. Although this is
inefficient from a time point of view, it only requires a line (or two) to
transmit the data. The ATmega328P is equipped with a host of different serial
communication subsystems, including the serial USART, SPI, and TWI, hence in
this lab we used USART as communication subsystem for microcontroller and its
in 2nd task we interfaced the Bluetooth module with Arduino and
observed the serial monitor of Arduino software as well as we can also connect
it to our mobile phones as shown above.
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